Sandwell is a multi-centred metropolitan borough. Each town is a place in its own right, and set strongly within the Black Country. There is a long history of strong local communities focused around key industries and centres.
Early Origins
- The earliest documented settlement in the region is Wednesbury, which was made a fortified town as a defence against the Vikings.
- Oldbury represents another ancient settlement with well-documented middle-age origins
19th Century
- The Victorian period transformed Sandwell from scattered agricultural settlements into an industrial heartland. The borough was central to the industrial revolution and a strong industrial legacy continues today.
- The development of the borough’s extensive canal network was a key part of early industrialisation. The later development of railway lines further supported the transport of goods.
- Significant urban development occurred around industrial sites, housing workers in terraced neighbourhoods.
Early 20th Century
- Areas within Sandwell began to develop particular industrial expertise, creating distinct local economies and places.
- Urban expansion driven by industrial growth continued and was accompanied by the development of new residential neighbourhoods and parks.
The World Wars
- The area’s industrial infrastructure was rapidly converted to munitions production which brought significant changes to the local labour market, most notably the unprecedented entry of women into heavy industry roles.
- The inter-war period brought mixed fortunes to Sandwell, reflecting the broader economic instability of the era. Traditional heavy industries faced severe decline as international competition increased and demand for coal and steel fluctuated dramatically.
Post-war era
- Post-war reconstruction fundamentally reshaped Sandwell through comprehensive redevelopment. New town planning principles influenced housing estate design, while modern industrial estates incorporated improved working conditions.
- Mass council housing programs created extensive estates, with experimentation including tower blocks and deck access housing.
Contemporary Sandwell
- In 1974 Sandwell Metropolitan Borough was created, bringing the six towns under co-ordinated administration.
- Urban regeneration has focused on brownfield development of former industrial sites and housing renewal programs addressing problematic post-war housing stock.
- Today, there are numerous heritage assets that showcase its architectural and industrial significance.